What are Primary and Secondary Sources?
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Here are some examples:
| Discipline |
Primary Sources |
Secondary Sources |
| English | Literature, Film, Plays, Performances | Literary criticism, Author biographies, Literary guides,Dictionaries, etc |
| Fine Arts | Artwork, Film/Performances, Photographs, Sculpture, Architecture | Art criticism, Film criticism, reviews, Art history, Published studies of environmental design |
| History | Historical Documents, Literature, Autobiographies, Narratives, diaries, essays, Political documents, Letters, speeches | Criticism about historical documents, Criticism and biography of historical figures, Published accounts of historical periods, etc. |
| Philosophy & Religion | Texts written by philosophers, Religious documents: Bible, prayers, Koran, etc. | Criticism of religious texts and philosophical texts, Explications of Bible, e.g., Published work of theological scholars |
| Anthropology | Interview Transcripts, Field notes for Ethnographic data | Cultural criticism, Sources on method, Anthropological theory |
| Economics & Business | Economic/market data | Criticism of economic forces and effects, historical influences, etc., Economic theory |
| Criminal Justice | Cases, Testimony, Written decision, precedent, Governmental policy | Criticism of jurisprudence, Published research in law, Published criticism of policy |
| Psychology/ Sciences/ Education/ Sociology | Empirical Data, Interviews, Questionnaire Data, Observation Data, Lab Measurements | Published reports of other scientists, Methodological criticism, Theory, Published method guides |
For Empirical Research Report Writing, click here.
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